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Singapore CN2
1.
background and problem overview
• cn2 gia (chinanet next carrying network — global internet access) is often used for low-latency, high-quality business lines when connecting china and singapore. • for data centers located in singapore, compliance involves pdpa, pci-dss, and log retention requirements in the jurisdiction where the target customer is located. • from a security perspective, attention should be paid to ddos protection, border access control, bgp routing security and link log integrity. • common problems include: log loss, clock desynchronization, cross-border log transmission encryption and inadequate permission control. • this article will give practical suggestions based on specific server configurations, rsyslog/elk examples and real cases.2.
compliance measures for log collection and transmission
• log types: system logs, network traffic (netflow/sflow), firewall/acl logs, waf and application access logs need to be collected in categories. • transport protocol: prioritize using tls encrypted syslog (rfc 5425) or tcp + tls, and avoid udp to reduce the risk of packet loss. • timing synchronization: ntp/ptp must be strictly configured. it is recommended to use multiple reliable sources and record the ntp synchronization status in the log. • access control: the log server only allows connections from authorized ips (such as cn2 egress devices, border firewalls). it is more secure to use two-way tls or mtls. • retention policy: set according to regulations. for example, pci-dss requires log retention for at least 1 year. the retention period and access permissions need to be enforced on the siem.3.
typical server and log architecture examples
• example host: vps/host configuration: 4 vcpu / 8 gb ram / 200 gb ssd, ubuntu 20.04, rsyslog 8.24, filebeat 7.10. • centralization: use filebeat -> logstash -> elasticsearch(7.x) -> kibana to build an elk link. a three-node es cluster is recommended for the production environment. • backup and archive: cold storage uses object storage (s3 compatible) and enables server-side encryption. logs are packaged and checksummed (sha256) on a monthly basis. • example rsyslog remote forwarding configuration (key points): use omfwd action(type="omfwd" target="10.10.10.10" port="6514" protocol="tcp" streamdriver="gtls"). • local retention: /var/log rotation policy example: logrotate retains 365 days or rotates and compresses by size (100m), retaining at least 12 archive files.4.
access control and network security practices
• border protection: deploy acl on the cn2 gia egress router to restrict only necessary ports (such as tcp 6514, 22/443) and source/destination ips. • bgp security: enable bgp protection (rpki, max-prefix limit, prefix-filter) to reduce the risk of hijacking, and record all bgp update change logs. • intranet segmentation: use vlan/vrf to isolate the log collection network to prevent the log channel from being affected by ordinary traffic. • ddos defense: combining the bandwidth advantages of the cn2 link with the upstream scrubbing (scrubbing) service, key logs are written both locally and remotely. • identity and credentials: bulk certificate management (acme/pki) and key rotation strategies, using hardware security modules (hsm) to store ca private keys.5.
real case: log events of a cross-border cdn on the singapore cn2 link
• background: a cdn customer introduces traffic to singapore edge nodes through cn2 gia to provide low-latency access to chinese users. • incident: a large-scale attack caused the edge node's upstream logs to fail to be written to the centralized log database within 12 hours, affecting auditing. • cause troubleshooting: it was found that rsyslog uses udp forwarding, causing packet loss due to ddos; in addition, the disk io of the storage node reached a bottleneck, and the index service was delayed. • solution: switch to tcp+tls forwarding, enable local buffering (disk-assisted queues), and expand log index nodes to 5. • result: the integrity of the log was restored, and rate limiting and upstream cleaning strategies were implemented on the external links. similar losses did not occur again during the year.6.
compliance examples and data retention forms (sample data)
• the following table shows recommended retention days and storage estimates (examples) for different log types.| log type | recommended retention days | daily production volume (gb) | monthly storage estimate (gb) |
|---|---|---|---|
| system/authentication log | 365 | 2 | 60 |
| border firewall/acl | 180 | 10 | 300 |
| application access log (cdn) | 90 | 50 | 1500 |
| netflow/traffic sampling | 30 | 20 | 600 |
7.
suggestions and implementation checklist
• recommendation 1: all logs on the cn2 link must be transmitted encrypted and double-written (local + remote). • recommendation 2: enable time synchronization and log signatures to ensure the verifiability of link transit logs. • recommendation 3: establish sla and monitoring, and provide real-time alarms for log writing failures or index delay exceeding the threshold (for example, 5 minutes). • recommendation 4: regularly practice the log recovery and evidence collection process to ensure that link evidence can be fully presented during compliance audits. • recommendation 5: develop a cross-border data flow strategy and document the authorization process based on the legal differences between singapore and china.- Latest articles
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